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81.
泥石流风险及沟谷泥石流风险度评价 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
风险一词虽然已经广泛被科学家和经济学家所使用 ,但涉及到自然灾害的风险研究则还是 2 0世纪 80年代中后期的事。国内有关泥石流风险的探讨 ,更是 2 0世纪 90年代才初见端倪。国际上 ,泥石流风险评价至今仍然是前沿探索性领域和新兴的研究课题。基于联合国对自然灾害风险的定义及其定量表达 ,本文给出了泥石流“风险度 =危险度×易损度”这一数学命题的近似解。讨论了风险分级和不同风险等级的分布概率以及风险指南。以云南东川因民矿区黑山沟泥石流为例 ,对单沟泥石流风险度评价模型进行了示范应用 相似文献
82.
The transient response of a central crack in an orthotropic strip under the in-plane shear impact loading is studied by using
the dual integral equation method proposed by Copson and Sih. The general formula for the shear stress intensity factor
near the crack tip is derived. Numerical results of
with
in various cases are obtained by solving the second kind Fredholm integral equation and by performing the inverse Laplace
transform. 相似文献
83.
PBX颗粒力学性质对其撞击感度影响的初步研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用自行研制的应力测试系统研究了在机械撞击作用下粉状塑料粘结炸药(PBX)的表现。结果表明,由不同的聚氨酯(PU)溶液处理黑索今(RDX)得到的混和炸药PU-RDX,在机械撞击作用下给出的应力-时间曲线是多样的。而且PU-RDX的机械撞击感度随出现第二个应力峰的时间比(指不同的PU-RDX第二应力峰出现时间和仪器在空打时相应时间比)的增大,有下降的趋势。该时间比在一定程度上代表了粉状PU-RDX的塑性。研究在机械撞击作用下PBX的应力-时间特性有助于理解钝感炸药的机理、改进有关的工艺。 相似文献
84.
85.
Dynamic shearing resistance of molten metal films under high pressures and extremely high shearing rates 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In the present study plate-impact pressureshear experiments have been conducted to study the dynamic shearing resistance of
molten metal films at shearing rates of approximately 107 s−1. These molten films are generated by pressure-shear impact of relatively low melt-point metals such as 7075-T6 Al alloy with
high hardness and high flow-strength tool-steel plates. By employing high impact speeds and relatively smooth impacting surfaces,
normal interfacial pressures ranging from 1–3 GPa and slip speeds of over 100 m/s are generated during the pressure-shear
loading. The resulting friction stress (∼100 to 400 MPa) combined with the high slip speeds generate conditions conductive
to interfacial temperatures approaching the fully melt temperature regime of the lower melt-point metal (7075-T6 aluminum
alloy) comprising the tribo-pair.
During pressure-shear loading, laser interferometry is employed to measure normal and transverse motion at the rear surface
of the target plate. The normal component of the particle velocity provides the interfacial normal traction while the transverse
component provides the shearing resistance of the interface as it passes through melt. In order to extract the critical interfacial
parameters, such as the interfacial slip-speed and interfacial temperatures, a Lagrangian finiteelement code is developed.
The computational procedure accounts for dynamic effects, heat conduction, contact with friction, and full thermo-mechanical
coupling. At temperatures below melt the flyer and target materials are described as an isotropic thermally softening elastic-viscoplastic
solid. For material elements with temperatures in excess of the melt point, a purely Newtonian fluid constitutive model is
employed. The results of this hybrid experimental-computational study provide insights into the dynamic shearing resistance
of molten metal films at high pressures and extremely high shearing rates. 相似文献
86.
87.
A direct central collision of two identical infinite cylindrical bodies is studied. A nonstationary plane elastic problem is solved. The variable boundary of the contact area is determined. A mixed boundary problem is formulated. Its solution is represented by Fourier series. An infinite system of Volterra equations of the second kind for the unknown expansion coefficients is derived by satisfying boundary conditions. The basic characteristics of the collision process are determined numerically depending on the curvature of the frontal surface of the bodies 相似文献
88.
The Nordic forest industry requires just-in-time wood deliveries. Operations must continue regardless of season, weather and terrain. Soil compaction and deep ruts must be avoided while providing high performance and a reasonable working environment for operators.The Xt28 pendulum arm forwarder is a full-size concept forwarder with six hydrostatic propelled wheels on pendulum arms built on a three-piece frame connected with two articulation joints. The Xt28 concept machine was tested according to Skogforsk standard machine tests. Rut depth test focused on soil interaction where rut depth was measured related to number of passes. Machine dynamics were measured using standardized test track with focus on operator comfort.The project proved the potential of pendulum arm technology in off-road transportation. Automatic pendulum arm levelling, equalized ground pressure between wheels and improved operator comfort through reducing adverse vibrations and roll angles, simultaneously reducing dynamic forces transferred to the forest floor. Pendulum arm technology improves travel speed in adverse terrain, providing unparalleled side slope capability and enhanced productivity. 相似文献
89.
RenWenmin(任文敏);HuangJianmin(黄剑敏);ChenWen(陈文)(ReceivedDec.25,1994;CommunicatedbyYangGuitong)APPROXIMATEFORMULASOFIMPACTFORCEFO... 相似文献
90.
弹性杆与结构接触冲击的冲击力计算研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文提出了一种将杆与结构的接触冲击问题简化为集中力与集中阻尼的常规结构动力学问题的计算模型。对于大型结构,可采用一种特殊的人工边界,只需对人工边界域内的结构用有限元法进行计算。这种人工边界是齐次的,可根据冲击影响区的大小人为地确定 相似文献